How Does the Engine Work in a Hybrid System Vehicle?

Hybrid vehicles have revolutionized the automotive industry ever since their introduction, offering a more sustainable and fuel-efficient alternative to traditional gasoline-only cars. At the heart of every hybrid vehicle is a sophisticated synergy between the internal combustion engine and the hybrid system. The way they work together is somewhat of a mystery to a lot of people but worry not, because we are here to clear things up. Here's everything you need to know about the amazing mechanisms behind hybrid vehicles.

The Internal Combustion Engine

The internal combustion engine in a hybrid vehicle operates much like the engine in a conventional gasoline-powered car. It is responsible for generating power through the combustion of fuel. In hybrid vehicles, the engine is usually smaller and more fuel-efficient, as it works in collaboration with the hybrid system to optimize overall efficiency.

When the vehicle needs additional power, such as during hard acceleration or high-speed driving, the internal combustion engine takes the lead, providing the necessary energy to drive the wheels. However, during certain driving conditions, such as low-speed city commuting or cruising, the engine may be temporarily turned off to conserve fuel, and the hybrid system takes over.

The Hybrid System

The hybrid system in a hybrid vehicle is what sets it apart from traditional gasoline-powered cars. It consists of an electric motor, a battery pack, and a power control unit. The electric motor is capable of providing additional propulsion to the vehicle, working alongside the internal combustion engine.

The power control unit serves as the brain of the hybrid system, managing the flow of energy between the engine, the electric motor, and the battery. It determines the best combination of power sources to maximize efficiency and performance based on driving conditions and driver inputs.

Modes of Operation

Hybrid vehicles can operate in different modes, depending on driving conditions and battery charge level:

Electric Mode: During low-speed or light-load driving, the hybrid vehicle can operate solely on electric power. The electric motor draws energy from the battery, producing zero tailpipe emissions and contributing to improved fuel efficiency.
Hybrid Mode: In this mode, the engine and electric motor work together to propel the vehicle, providing a balance between power and efficiency. The power control unit constantly adjusts the power distribution to achieve the best possible performance and fuel economy.
Engine Mode: During high-speed driving or when more power is required, the engine takes over as the main source of propulsion, with the electric motor providing additional support when needed.